Free Essays on OCD

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder If you or someone you care about has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), you may feel you are the only person facing the difficulties of this illness. But you are not alone. In the U.S., 1 in 50 adults currently has OCD and twice that many have had it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, very effective treatments for OCD are now available to help you regain a more satisfying life. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder where a person has recurrent and unwanted ideas or impulses (called obsessions) and an urge or compulsion to do something to relieve the discomfort caused by the obsession. Compulsions are behaviors that help reduce the anxiety surrounding the obsessions. Worries, doubts, and superstitious beliefs are all common in everyday life. However, when they become so excessive such as hours of hand washing or driving around and around the block to check that an accident didn’t occur then a diagnosis of OCD is made. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and just cant let go. People with OCD often say the symptoms feel like a case of mental hiccups that won’t go away. OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing. It is not your fault or the result of a â€Å"weak† or unstable personality. The thoughts and behaviors a person with OCD has are senseless, repetitive, distressing, and sometimes harmful, but they are also difficult to overcome. OCD is more common than schizophrenia, bipolar disease, or panic disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Yet, it is still commonly overlooked by mental health professionals, mental health advocacy groups, and people who themselves have the problem. Many people still carry the misconception that they somehow caused themselves to have these compulsive behaviors and obsessive thoughts. â€Å"Nothing could be further from the trut... Free Essays on OCD Free Essays on OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder If you or someone you care about has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), you may feel you are the only person facing the difficulties of this illness. But you are not alone. In the U.S., 1 in 50 adults currently has OCD and twice that many have had it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, very effective treatments for OCD are now available to help you regain a more satisfying life. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder where a person has recurrent and unwanted ideas or impulses (called obsessions) and an urge or compulsion to do something to relieve the discomfort caused by the obsession. Compulsions are behaviors that help reduce the anxiety surrounding the obsessions. Worries, doubts, and superstitious beliefs are all common in everyday life. However, when they become so excessive such as hours of hand washing or driving around and around the block to check that an accident didn’t occur then a diagnosis of OCD is made. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and just cant let go. People with OCD often say the symptoms feel like a case of mental hiccups that won’t go away. OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing. It is not your fault or the result of a â€Å"weak† or unstable personality. The thoughts and behaviors a person with OCD has are senseless, repetitive, distressing, and sometimes harmful, but they are also difficult to overcome. OCD is more common than schizophrenia, bipolar disease, or panic disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Yet, it is still commonly overlooked by mental health professionals, mental health advocacy groups, and people who themselves have the problem. Many people still carry the misconception that they somehow caused themselves to have these compulsive behaviors and obsessive thoughts. â€Å"Nothing could be further from the trut...

Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th U.S. President

Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th U.S. President Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837–June 24, 1908) was a New York lawyer who went on to become governor of New York and then president of the United States. He remains the only American president to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). A Democrat, Cleveland supported fiscal conservatism and fought against the cronyism and corruption of his time. Fast Facts: Grover Cleveland Known For: 22nd and 24th president of the United StatesAlso Known As: Stephen Grover ClevelandBorn: March 18, 1837 in Caldwell, New JerseyParents: Richard Falley Cleveland, Ann NealDied: June 24, 1908  in Princeton, New JerseyEducation: Fayetteville Academy and the Clinton Liberal AcademyAwards and Honors:  Namesake for numerous parks, roads, schools; likeness on a U.S. postage stampSpouse: Frances FolsomChildren: Ruth,  Esther, Marion,  Richard, Francis Grover, Oscar (illegitimate)Notable Quote: â€Å"A cause worth fighting for is worth fighting for to the end.† Early Life Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey. He was one of  nine offspring of Ann Neal and Richard Falley Cleveland, a Presbyterian minister who died when Grover was 16. He started attending school at the age of 11, but when his father died in 1853, Cleveland left school to work and support his family. He moved to Buffalo, New York in 1855 to live and work with his uncle. He also studied law there on his own. Despite the fact that he never attended college, Cleveland was admitted to the bar in 1859 at age 22. Career Before the Presidency Cleveland went into law practice and became an active member of the Democratic Party in New York. He was the sheriff of Erie County, New York from 1871–1873 and gained a reputation for fighting against corruption. His political career then led him to become the mayor of Buffalo in 1882. In this role, he exposed graft, lowered the costs of transportation, and vetoed pork barrel allocations of funds. His reputation as an urban reformer appealed to the Democratic Party, which tapped him to become governor of New York from 1883–1885. Marriage and Children On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom at the White House during his first presidential term. He was 49 and she was 21. Together they had three daughters and two sons.  His daughter Esther was the only child of a president born in the White House. Cleveland was alleged to have had a child by a premarital affair with Maria Halpin. He was unsure of the childs paternity but accepted responsibility. Election of 1884 In 1884, Cleveland was nominated by the Democrats to run for president. Thomas Hendricks was chosen as his running mate. Their opponent was James Blaine. The campaign was one largely of personal attacks rather than substantive issues. Cleveland narrowly won the election with 49% of the popular vote while gaining 219 of the possible 401 electoral votes. First Term: March 4, 1885–March 3, 1889 During his first administration, Cleveland championed several important acts: The Presidential Succession Act passed in 1886 and provided that, upon the death or resignation of both the president and vice president, the line of succession would go through the cabinet in chronological order of creation of the cabinet positions.In 1887, the  Interstate Commerce  Act passed and created the Interstate Commerce Commission. This bodys job was to regulate interstate railroad rates. It was the first federal regulatory agency.In 1887, the Dawes Severalty Act passed and granted citizenship and title to reservation land for  Native Americans  who were willing to renounce their tribal allegiance. Election of 1892 Cleveland won the nomination again in 1892 despite New Yorks opposition through the political machine known as Tammany Hall. Along with his running mate Adlai Stevenson, Cleveland ran against the incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, who defeated Cleveland four years prior. James Weaver ran as a third-party candidate. In the end, Cleveland won with 277 out of a possible 444 electoral votes. Second Term: March 4, 1893–March 3, 1897 Economic events and challenges became a major focus of Clevelands historic second presidency. In 1893, Cleveland forced the withdrawal of a treaty that would have annexed Hawaii because he felt the United States was wrong in helping with the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. In 1893, an  economic depression  began called the Panic of 1893. Thousands of businesses went under and riots broke out. However, the government did little to help because it was not seen as constitutionally allowed. A strong believer in the gold standard, Cleveland called Congress into session to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. According to this act, silver was purchased by the government and was redeemable in notes for either silver or gold. Clevelands belief that this was responsible for reducing the gold reserves was not popular with many in the  Democratic Party. In 1894, the  Pullman Strike  occurred. The  Pullman Palace Car Company  had reduced wages and the workers walked out under the leadership of  Eugene V. Debs. When violence broke out, Cleveland ordered federal troops in and arrested Debs, thus ending the strike. Death Cleveland retired from active political life in 1897 and moved to Princeton, New Jersey. He became a lecturer and member of the Board of Trustees of Princeton University. Cleveland died on June 24, 1908, of heart failure. Legacy Cleveland is considered by historians to have been one of Americas better presidents. During his time in office, he helped usher in the beginning of federal regulation of commerce. Further, he fought against what he saw as private abuses of federal money. He was known for acting upon his own conscience despite opposition within his party. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Grover Cleveland.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 14 Mar. 2019.Editors, History.com. â€Å"Grover Cleveland.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 27 Oct. 2009.â€Å"Grover Cleveland: Life Before the Presidency.†Ã‚  Miller Center, 18 July 2017.

Memorandum of Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Memorandum of Law - Case Study Example Likewise if he goes on to the wrong side of the road. It is no answer for him to say: 'I was a learner driver under instruction. I was doing my best and could not help it.' The civil law permits no such excuse. It requires of him the same standard of care as of any other driver. 'It eliminates the personal equation and is independent of the idiosyncrasies of the particular person whose conduct is in question.' The learner driver may be doing his best, but his incompetent best is not good enough. He must drive in as good a manner as a driver of skill, experience and care, who is sound in wind and limb, who makes no errors of judgment, has good eyesight and hearing, and is free from any infirmity."3 Applying the same principle to the instant case, the biker must, whether or not she is driving a car or a bicycle or motorcycle, whether in a road, highway, street, or bicycle path in a local park, as a driver drive in as good a manner as a driver of skill, experience and care, sound in win d and limb, who makes no errors of judgment, has good eyesight and hearing, and is free from any infirmity. ... er had been exchanging text messages on his mobile phone, and that it had been the driver's inattention through using his mobile phone that caused the accident. Likewise, in the case of R. v Payne (John),5 it was ruled that the driver was rightfully convicted because the driver allowed himself to be distracted whilst driving.6 In the case of the biker, he was not watching where he was going and has in fact been reprimanded by Cost Price Courier's on several occasions for failure to adhere to traffic regulations. Hence, the biker was negligent in his driving and in breach of his duty of care as a driver. Causation. To be able to claim against the for personal injury and/or damage to property under the law of tort and against the doctor for professional negligence, it is imperative for the boy and his parents to establish causation. There is causation when both factual causation and legal causation are present. Factual causation refers to the nexus between the defendant's action and the claimant's damage (the 'but for' test) while legal causation refers to the break or 'novus actus' in the chain of causation. Applying the 'but for' test applied by Lord Denning in Cork v Kirby MacLean [1952], and illustrated in Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee [1969], the boy would not have suffered personal injury (head injuries and brain damage) and damage to property (probably his skateboard) but for failure of the biker to drive properly and carefully considering that he was not looking where he was going and that he has been repeatedly reprimanded by his employer on s everal occasions for failure to adhere to traffic regulations. The boy and the parents could argue that there is no evidence of a 'novus actus' breaking the chain of causation. The biker is

Explanation and Evaluation of Libertarianism Essay

Explanation and Evaluation of Libertarianism - Essay Example For better understanding of libertarianism in general, let us look at some universal tenets of libertarianism. One of the main universal tenets of libertarianism is the belief in natural human rights.   Libertarianism, teaches that human beings have inalienable rights that should be respected by other people and even by the government (Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, web). These rights are the rights to life, property, and liberty. These three rights are negative rights in that they all entail freedom from non-interference from the government and from other people. Libertarianism teaches that individuals are ontologically prior to the state or to any other social grouping and for that reason, individuals are more important than the social organizations or the state. Libertarianism, therefore, advocates for respect of individualism. The second universal libertarianism principle is the belief in spontaneous order. Libertarians believe that social organizations and institutions that guarantee peace and order in the society develop spontaneously, through voluntary associations of members of the society, without any initiation or imposition by central authority. Libertarians view order and peace in the society as a condition sine qua non for flourishing of human beings in the society. The libertarians, however, are opposed to social organizations that are imposed upon the people by the central authority; the formations of such organizations are an infringement upon the natural rights of individual.

Blackboard Assignment Essay Example for Free

Blackboard Assignment Essay 1. I have recently engaged in a discussion with a couple of American soldiers who fought in Iraq. They talked about the deployment of their company in the divisions within the military zones in Iraq where they encountered several IEDs and AQI. Also, they said something about doing recon work with a bird and how they were lucky not to be a POW. All throughout the conversation, I remained clueless about the topic. I was not able to share any inputs. If only the speaker would explain the military jargons or better yet if they have opted to use terms that were of common knowledge, I would have comprehended the conversation. Instead of using bird, they could have used helicopter so as not to confuse the animal with an aircraft. On the other hand, I have also made this same mistake. During the time when I was applying for college, I unconsciously used some jargons to explain this activity to my younger sister. As a result, she kept on asking for the definition of the terms that I used which made the conversation awkward. After this incident, I realized that some terms are inappropriate to use especially when the listener is not well-informed about the subject. However, if it is inevitable to use jargons in conversations, make sure to explain the terms in the context that everyone can relate. By doing this, the probability of misunderstanding and misinterpretation will be greatly reduced. 2. I think that the use of ambiguous language is prevalent because people opt to generalize information for convenience leaving more room for different interpretations. However, it only becomes unethical when it is intended to mislead the audience. In the case of the coal mine explosion in West Virginia, CNN reported that there were 12 survivors but in reality only 1 got out alive. This false information was based on the statement of a rescuer that they have found the miners and said â€Å"that they are all ok, I guess, so† (English). Instead of journalists further investigating this event, they have reported it as they heard it which brought false hopes and even caused pain to the families of the miners. Works Cited English, Larry P. â€Å"Information Quality in Communication. † 11 January 2006. Beye Network. 18 November 2008 http://www. b-eye-network. co. uk/view-articles/2215.

H.R.Gigers Alien Essay -- Fim Movies

H.R.Giger's Alien "Hollywood's conception of extraterrestrial life was pretty much limited to either whimsical little green men or clumsy bug-eyed monsters. In a gritty future, Scott brought to life Swiss surrealist H.R.Giger's terrifying biomechanical beastie: an acid-bleeding, razor-toothed, overgrown cockroach with an ugly practice of gestating its offspring in human hosts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Suddenly, space was a pretty scary place to be." (Schwarzbaum, 27) In 1979 an alien was born. Before 1979 the movie "Star Wars" showed the vastness of space where men and women fought among themselves for control of the universe. The aliens that were present in such movies were nothing more than secondary actors. These types of aliens were never truly frightening and the concept of extraterrestrial life as a threat to us was never believable. The movie "Aliens" presented a conception and perception of design of extraterrestrial life that was different from anything else. This movie introduced many revolutionary concepts; the two most prominent of these are the female heroine and the new design for a terrifying alien life form and its surroundings that gave a less perfect view of space. What makes the movie "Alien" so terrifying is the concept that life in outer space is pure evil. Before 1979, most movies portrayed aliens as friendly creature that came in peace and wanted to help humanity. This new Alien was so different and had revolutionary special effects; that the creation of an alien creature won an Oscar for "Best Achievement for Visual Effects" April14th, 1980. The creator and designer of the alien creature was H. R Giger, born in Born in Chur, Germany, 1940. H. R Giger’s revolutionary designs and the publishing of the book Giger’s "Necr... ...ective that is still being used in Science fiction movies today. Bibliography Internet Site www.hrgiger.com  © Copyright 1996, H.R.Giger Movies Alien: Directed by Ridley Scott. 20th century Fox, 1979 Planet of the Apes: Directed by Franklin J. Schanffner. 20th Century Fox, 1968 Star Wars: Directed by George Lucas. Lucas films Ltd, 1977 This Island Earth: Directed by Joseph M. Newman. Universal International Pictures, 1954 War of the Worlds: Directed by Byron Haskin and George Pal. Paramount Pictures, 1953 Magazines Entertainment Weekly, Lisa Schwarzbaum. Volume 3 Issue #454, October 1998 Books Bonnie J. Dow. Prime-Time Feminism Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996 Clute, John. Science fiction : the illustrated encyclopedia. London; New York: Dorling Kindersley; Boston: Distributed by Houghton Mifflin, 1995.

Changes in the business environment Essay

By looking out the definitions of HRP from Dessler (1999), Stone (2002), and Schuler (1998), HRP can be defined as the systematic and continuous process to ensure that organization’s human resource needs are fulfilled by ensuring that the right people with the correct skills are available when required. Shortly, HRP is essentially focus on matching the individual and the needs of the organization to gaining a competitive advantage in marketplace. HRP is important because the HR plan affects all HR activities and acts as the strategic link between organizational and HRM objectives (Stone 2002). It can reduce the human resources cost by helping management to anticipate and correct the shortages and surpluses of employees. An addition, HRP will provide a better basis for planning employee employment in order to make optimum use of workers’ attitudes and to improve their job satisfaction (Nankervis et al. 1999). HRP provide more opportunities of working for women and minority groups in the labour market. Moreover, the HPR provide a tool for evaluating the effect of alternative human resource actions and policies. Nowadays business environment is multifaceted and complex, thus the changes in business environment will have a great impact on the HRP of the organization. By the definition of HRP, to be a success organization, the organization must achieve the business objectives through the effective utilization of human resources. Therefore, organizations need to forecast the internal and external supplying of human resources through the process of HRP. Usually, the present employees who can be promoted, transferred, demoted or developed will make up the internal supply. When the internal supply of employees cannot meet the demand, organization is needed to look up the external human resources from labour market. This show that labour market is an important factor in determining human resource strategy, therefore the changes of labour market will bring the effects to the HRP of organization. Normally, business environment can be categorized to 2 which are internal environment and external environment. The internal environment involves those factors that are found within the organization, for example, organizational structure and organizational culture (Stone 2002). By  analyzing those factors of the internal environment, HR planner will be able to identify the organization’s strength and weakness in order to achieve the business objectives. The structure of an organization is referring to the organization’s framework or design which can directly affect employee productivity and behavior (Stone 2002). It refers to how work tasks are assigned, who reports to whom, and how decisions are made (Eadie n.d.). Usually there have 2 forms of the organizational structures, one is hierarchical structure and the other one is flat structure. For the hierarchical structure, organizations have narrow span of controls over their employees. In contrast, organizations have wide span of controls over their employees with the flat structure. Thus, the structure of an organization has a powerful influence the types and numbers of employee in the organization, further the size of the labour market. Therefore, base on the structure of the organization, HR manager can anticipate the number of employees that required by the organization. The organization culture is the pattern of basic assumptions, values, norms, and artifacts shared by organizational member (Cummings and Worley 1993). It tells employees how things are done, what is important and what kind of behavior is rewarded (Moorhead and Griffin 1995). Thus it has an impact on employee job satisfaction as well as on the level and quality of employee performance. However, each employee may assess the nature of an organization’s culture differently, one of them may view it positively but one of them may view it negatively. Therefore, HR managers will be major players in shaping the cultures of organization in order to enable the long-term success of the organization. The external environment involves those factors cannot be found within the organization. External environment can be categorized to 2 elements that are societal environment and task environment (Anthony et al. 1999). The factors of external environment include legal and political, economic, social, and demographic, labour market, competition, technological, and industrial relations. Each factor either separately or in combination with others, can place constraints on human resource management. Therefore, HR managers must  analyze the external environment to identify any strategic opportunities and threats that may be present in the future, so that the organization can take the advantage of external opportunities and minimize external problems. The labour market is the geographical area from which employees are recruited for a particular job (Mondy et al. 1999). Changes in the labour market create constraints i.e. societal trends and culture for employers finding applicants with the right levels of skills (Noe et al.). The unemployment rate, education levels, occupation levels, and the mix of the age and sex will be the four key used to examine the measures of labour market (Anthony et al.1999). Those people who are not working and not looking for the job, for example households, retires, and students are considered as being â€Å"out of the labour forces†. Therefore this kind of unemployed people will not be the factor of unemployment rate measurement. Usually, the unemployment rate will be high during the recession of economy because the companies fire many people out. Thus, the demand for the workers of organizations is reducing but the supply of workers from the labour market is increasing. Labour force is an uncontrollable factor by HR planner because they can’t control the number of the workers in the labour market. But employment rate is a controllable factor because HR managers can use the statistical and mathematical technique to predict the available workforce based on the past information. The economy of the nation, on the whole and its various segment, is a major environmental factor affecting human resource management. There is a case in mid-1997, when economy is booming; recruiting qualified workers is more difficult than less prosperous time. Therefore, HR managers of some organizations had to use incentive scheme to entice needed employees. On the other hand, when economy is experienced downturn, more applicants are typically available. It is because many workers losing job and the high unemployment rate, thus all of them will strive for any opportunity to get a job. Beside that the HR manager also consequently develop staffing strategies to accommodate the downturn economy. Such strategies my include job entrichment, outsourcing, the development of new product lines or new services, flexible job options (e.g. job-sharing or part-time), or  downsizing (Nankervis et al. 1999). Unfortunately, the downsizing is the main option that chose by many organizations in the early 1990s. The people cannot anticipate the crisis of economy, thus economy crisis is considered as an uncontrollable factor for the HR planners. Beside that the issue of SARS is also an uncontrollable factor of economic for the HR planners. Although economy crisis and SARS are unpredictable, HRP still play an important role for the organizations. It is because an organization with HRP can forecast the needed workers quickly than the organization without HRP during the time of economy crisis or SARS. The changes of the social are came from changes of the lifestyle of people and the changes of the nature of employment in the labour market. Today, more and more young people with a high level of education are not willing to work long time for one organization only because they want to enjoy the higher quality of lifestyle. Therefore, they are keeping on to seek the new job with the better salary and benefit that provided by the other organizations. But not all those seeking work can find a job at prevailing standards, and therefore it creates a shortage of workforce for organization. Hence, HR managers need to provide more fringe benefits to attract employee remaining in organization. Traditionally, the nature of employment is the full-time permanent employment. During recession of the economy, many organizations decide to downsizing or outsourcing their business to remain the competitive advantage in the market. Thus, this lead the nature of employment is increasingly changed to part-time or casual employment in organizations. According to the Bureau of statistic of labour force in Australia (figure 1), there is a strong evidence to show that the part-time and casual employment is increasing important between the 1973 and 1997 (Nankervis et al.). The nature of employment is a controllable factor by HR planner because they design the recruitment of employees, for example, what type of workers and how many workers that they would like to employ from labour market. The baby boom that occurred after the Second World War created a substantial increase in population and changes the demographic. Those baby boomers will reach the employment age during the 1960s and they will create a bulge in  the workforce. While the population of baby boomers has generally grown at high rate, whereas the population of baby busters, who are the next generation has grown at lower rate. Therefore, the imbalance in the age distribution of the workforce has major impact for employers and HR planners. Beside that, since the occurrence of the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and Affirmative Action (AA), the participation rates of women in the workforce are increased. The increasing number of women in the workforce is a trend that HR planner needs to recognize and accommodate. Thus, employers are obliged to provide more flexible employment options and childcare assistance to those women workers. The government can control the population in a country, for example the China issue the policy that one family only can have one child Therefore, the demographic can be considered as a controllable factor for the HRP. But sometimes HR managers cannot anticipate the fast increases of the population i.e. population explosion, thus it is an uncontrollable factor for the HRP. The changes of technology have an effect on business which dealing with human resource management. The improvement of technology advances the improvement of productivity of an organization. Today, the computer field is large and employing millions of people directly and indirectly because the computer allows much quicker access to and processing of information. Thus, more and more organizations have deserted the tradition way and bring in the technique of computer for their business operations. As technological changes occur, certain skills are no longer required, and therefore it lead to major reductions in the number of employees needed. Shoshana Zuboff (1988) was also arguing that the effects of the computer have yet to be felt since work itself will change completely as information becomes more readily available right at the workstation (Anthony et al. 1999). For example, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) plans to reduce its workforce by 15000 employees as a result of technological changes. AT&T has also used automation to reduce the number of long-distance operators by two-thirds. Most experts do not expect the number of new jobs to match the number of lost through technological changes (Drucker 1993). Recently, there is occurring a computer virus called â€Å"So Big. F†. According to the newspaper, this virus has damaged the computer system of many organizations in short  time. If the computer system breaks down, the organization may need more employees to do the jobs that were done by the computer before. Since the HR planners cannot anticipate the occurrence of â€Å"So Big. F†, this is an uncontrollable factor of technology for the HRP. As every advanced economy becomes global, a nation’s most important competitive asset becomes the skills and cumulative learning of its workforce. This means that the people make organizations go. Therefore, how the people are selected, trained, and managed determine to a large extent how successful on organization will be (Cascio 1998). But as the changes of the environment, the task of managing people today’s world is particularly challenges. Thus, more and more organizations emphasize on the HRP to forecast the demand for and supply of human resources. That is why the personnel department transforming to human resource department in many organizations.

A Character Analysis of the Fifty Shades of Christian Grey Essay

E. L. James, author of the Fifty Shades Trilogy, created an incredibly, emotionally torn character in Christian Grey. In this paper, I will discuss the truth behind his need for control, his guarded emotions, and his lack of self-worth. I will delve into his past and link his childhood demons to his personality as an adult. Also, I will show how he reverts back to adolescence in a way that would make Freud smirk, See I told you. It all comes back to sex in the end. I will discuss the myriad of social and environmental factors in his adult life which take him from a life of debasement and depravity into the light. The major questions addressed are: 1. What archetype(s) is Christian Grey classified as? 2. What are the main influences on Christian Grey’s personality? 3. What are the main conflicts with which the character struggles and how do they affect his thoughts and actions? 4. What are the motivating factors behind Grey’s behavior, thoughts and changes? Through analysis, the layers of Christian Grey’s aloof demeanor and public Persona will be peeled away, revealing his true demons and his struggle to control and come to grips with them. His Shadow that has kept him so closed off all his life, until the chance meeting of a beautiful college student, forces him to make some changes . The factors behind his change from an Alec D’Urberville to an Angel Clare will be evident. At the conclusion of the paper, you will be able to see how a few select social and environmental factors have a large impact on this character. Identifying the archetypes of Christian Grey Christian Grey has three identifiable archetypes. The first one would be the Ruler . He lives his life in control. As a powerful CEO of his large holdings company, he portrays a dictatorial presence. Everything in his life is done through a set of rules and contracts. This includes his personal life as well. Grey believes that information is control. He does background checks on all of his employees and â€Å"lovers.† Christian chooses hobbies that allow him to feel in control and powerful. He chooses flying, gliding, soaring and sails. Christian does not have normal intimate relationships with women. He expresses his emotions and sexual needs through a sadist lifestyle. Grey is a dominate sadist that employees submissives to find his release with. He does not have friends because of trust issues that stem from his very early childhood. His early years are what make up his Shadow . For most of his life he chooses to repress the memories of his youth. He believes his past is just that, his past, and that is where it should stay. Grey had a dark and twisted childhood. He fights to maintain control of his emotions and memories, but they creep into every aspect of his life. He has terrifying nightmares filled with snippets of dark and evil memories from his time with his birth mother. As the layers of Christian Grey’s persona are peeled away, these memories help the reader to understand his actions, thoughts, and his greed for wealth as an adult. Through the love of a young woman, he begins to realize that his past is the basis for his thought processes and actions. The Shadow is what causes him to feel haunted, lost, angry, lonely, controlling, and self-loathing. His inability to control his life and surroundings as a child feed this archetype. Grey’s Shadow encompasses two subtypes of a Sadistic personality, Explosive and Enforcing . Being forced to confront his Shadow brings about many changes for his character. Although his Persona archetype remains the same through the story line, those close to him, see the changes and progress, he makes personally. Grey’s Persona archetype never waivers from the enigmatic, successful, in control, have- it-all, very wealthy, philanthropic, private young entrepreneur. Those on the outside of his circle have no idea of the war he wages internally with his Shadow. Grey’s Persona is always one of a polite but business oriented composure. He is someone who knows and controls every detail of his business and personal relationships. These are traits that would classify him as a Reputation-Defending Antisocial . Reputation-Defending Antisocial personalities also have narcissistic tendencies. They need to be seen as unflawed, unbreakable, and a formidable adversary. The antisocial aspect is used to counteract the deep internal beliefs a narcissist has of inferiority and a lack of self-esteem. Christian is a Flawed Hero as well. He is tortured by the lengths that he has to go through to keep his family and wife safe. Grey does not accept the praise of a hero, nor does he often get it, due to the way he goes about protecting them. To his family his protection looks more to them as oppression because he maintains a security detail for each member of his family and rejects their requests to indulge in certain activities. He is faced with resistance at every turn in response to his seemingly well intended actions and rules. Due to their disobedience, they often realize that he was right, and he is forced to save them. Throughout the trilogy, Christian remains exasperated by their actions. The final archetype that Grey possesses is the Lover . Despite his dictatorial presence, he has moments of extreme tenderness and displays of affection towards his wife, Ana. He wants nothing more but to love and be loved by her. He is consumed by his feeling for her and keeping her safe. Grey’s world begins and ends with her. His goal is to make sure that she is happy and loved. He struggles to understand these first time feelings of love, want, need, passion, and fear, after twenty plus years of living alone, secluded in his own person castle in the sky . Although his tactics aren’t always clearly that of a Lover, if we look past the surface of the action, we can see they stem from his deep emotional connection with Ana. What are the main influences on Christian Grey’s personality? Christian’s rocky start in early childhood and adolescence is the focal point for his shortcomings and success at the same time. Seemingly full of confidence and sophistication, Christian had a bad start in life. Born to a drug addict mother, who he refers to as ‘the crack whore,’ he was discovered, beaten, and cowed, next to her body. She overdosed, and her brutal boyfriend left her and her child alone in their squalid flat for four days before reporting her death. Grey was severely malnourished and had signs of horrific physical abuse when he was rescued. The physical abuse and neglect that he suffered the first four years of his life left him unable to endure the touch of anyone. His body bears the scars of the  physical abuse. He realizes that his preference for sexual partners and sadism stems from his relationship, or lack thereof, with biological mother, Ella. Ella was a small framed, thin, and brown haired woman. As he looks back on all the sexual partners with which he has engaged in BDSM, they all look like her. He now understands he likes to hurt women who look like his mother. Grey felt unloved, neglected, and abused by his mother. His choice of lifestyle is a way to passively exert revenge for the pain that she caused him. His treatment as a child has left him with PTSD. This is made evident with his frequent flashbacks and night terrors of the abuse he suffered at the hand of his biological mother and her pimp. The fact that he was hungry as a child gives him a waste not, want not motto. The experience of being left alone and hungry for days in a room with his dead mother affected him . His decision to invest in farming, his projects to help feed the poor and his constant obsessing over whether or not Ana has eaten can all be linked to this childhood trauma. Christian’s adoption by pediatrician Grace Trevelyan-Grey and her attorney husband Carrick, gives him the opportunity of a better life. Ostensibly, he grows up in a loving, normal family, but his early years have left a big impression on him. He regards Grace as his angel. He says that she saved him from a terrible fate. Despite the love and admiration that he feels for his new mother and family, he cannot figure out how to express this love. Grey begins to fight and act out in order to gain negative attention. While his new family is willing to give him positive attention and unconditional love, Christian does not think he deserves this love. He has an extremely distorted view of self-worth. Unintentionally, his new family enabled his NPD (Narcissistic Personality Disorder) by overindulging his every whim and praising him for his exceptional looks and musical abilities . At the age of 15, he’s introduced to the delights of sex and bondage by a friend of his mother’s, Elena Lincoln, whom Ana christens (only half-jokingly) as Mrs. Robinson. Elena’s warped sexuality will have a strong and enduring influence on his life. Christian originally sees their relationship as a good thing. He feels that Elena gave him an outlet for his anger and raging teenage hormones . Grey is thankful to her for saving him from the path of self-destruction, he was headed down. This relationship in his formative years affects his sexual preferences in adulthood. It’s a classic case of:  I’m the way I am now because my childhood messed me up. He has difficulty in forging normal relationships. He can’t bear to be touched. And he can only have a sexual encounter if he is the dominant partner; he cannot make love with someone as an equal. Fixation has occurred at the adolescent stage of development. This is the point where a Possessive Masochistic personality is cultured and developed . He describes himself as not the hearts and flowers type . That is, until he meets college student Anastasia Steele. What are the main conflicts that the character struggles with and how do they affect his thoughts and actions? Grey’s chance meeting with Ana during an interview for the college newspaper turns his world upside down. He begins to feel emotions that he has never felt before. This is very confusing for Grey as he does not know how to deal with his reaction to this stubborn and defiant woman. Grey slowly seduces Ana, though it’s hardly traditional. He has a very specific goal in mind: his BDSM world, his world of bondage and discipline (BD), domination and submission (DS), and sadism and masochism (SM). Gradually, Ana experiments with being a submissive, though this goes against her personality and even her ideas about relationships. Grey acts dominant even outside of the â€Å"playroom† and his choice as dominant clearly reflect who he is and what he needs. Christian has never met anyone like Anastasia before. His previous ‘Submissives’ proved incompatible or headed for the hills. He now has to redefine his thinking based on his relationship with Anastasia. He admits to her that he is willing to try a hearts and flowers approach more. We learn that Ana isn’t like his other submissives. Even Grey himself recognizes this. What makes Ana so different? Why is Grey even still with her, when she basically shuns the whole contract, negotiations, etc.? She frequently angers him by defying him or refusing to give him information he thinks he deserves. It’s her anti-submission that forces little cracks to begin to form in Grey’s armor. He goes against many of his own rules, and is better for it. He initiates real love-making (not BDSM) with Ana to take her virginity, which is a first for him. He admires Ana’s debating skills, and her negotiating skills. He ends up staying the night in the same bed with her a few times and sleeps better for it. It is his personal struggle with these new  feelings he is experiencing about Ana, and how to cope with them, that is the biggest conflict he faces. She pushes the boundaries that he has had his entire life. He battles with his subconscious over how to act in response to her emotional exploits and physical touch. Ana puts him in very uncomfortable situations over and over again each ending with pleasurable outcomes, effectively, applying classical conditioning to occur and alter his behavior. What are the motivating factors behind Grey’s behavior, thoughts, and changes? Eventually, Ana has a taste of Grey’s true dominant self, and that taste is more than enough for her. Ana decides to leave Christian, forcing his whole world into darkness. Ana’s leaving makes it very evident to Grey that he is in love for the first time in his life . He realizes that he cannot control the situation or his emotions. This is a turning point for his character. The once measured and self-reliant man is now shattered, lonely, and wanton for Ana’s return. Love is something he never thought he was capable of and still does not believe he is worthy of receiving. The abuse and neglect he suffered as a child have skewed his self-esteem and self-worth. Grey’s formative years have greatly contributed to his Narcissistic Personality. He now wrestles internally how to process these new emotions of joy, love, jealousy, and protectiveness he feels for Ana. Ana’s eventual return due to his unrelenting pursuit and her emotional emptiness without him, forces him to admit his love. Ana little by little gets him to open up emotionally. Grey’s character slowly realizes that his past isn’t his past but his present and future as well. He reluctantly learns to give up a little of the control that he thrives on. His reluctance is proven to be a valid concern. After his marriage to Ana, their life starts to spin out of control due to the actions of someone from his childhood . Ana learns that she is pregnant. This sends Grey into a rage. Life in the raw is something he cannot regulate. He loses his composure and falls back into the company of Elena (Mrs. Robinson) for a night. It is only during a drunken conversation with Elena, crying and seething about becoming a father that he realizes what they did all those years ago, was wrong. Works Cited Synchronicity Expert Digital Magazine. (2009). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://www.synchronicityexpert.com/archetypes.html Changing Minds.Org. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://changingminds.org/explanations/identity/jung_archetypes.htm Golden, C. (n.d.). 12 Common Archetypes. Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://www.soulcraft.co/essays/the_12_common_archetypes.html Groopman MD, L. &. (2006). Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Armenian Medical Network. Hardy, T. (1892). Tess of the d’Urbervilles. New York: Harper & Bros. James, E. (2011). Fifty Shades Darker. New York: Vintage Books. James, E. (2011). Fifty Shades of Grey . New York: Vintage Books. James, E. (2012). Fifty Shades Freed. New York: Vintage Books. James, E. (2012). Fifty Shades Trilogy. New York: Vintage Books. Millon, T. (2006). Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology. Retrieved March 1, 2013, from www.millon.net: http://www.millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm VHHS k-12. (n.d .). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://teachers.vestavia.k12.al.us/townsendjn/VHHS/Eng_11_CP_files/archetypeschart.pdf

Texting Thumb Is a Repetitive Stress Injury

Texting Thumb Is a Repetitive Stress Injury It seems that with every bit of new technology comes some form of social or personal cost. Often times that personal cost resolves itself in the form of a repetitive stress injury. Cell phones are one such technology. Socially and culturally, we are dealing with constant interconnectedness as well as inconsiderate users who feel they should talk wherever they are, regardless of the people around them. But this isnt about etiquette. This is about ergonomics. The cell phone has led to some health conditions, but it wasnt until the invention of supporting technologies – mobile data, cellular email, and the almighty text message – that the repetitive stress became a real problem for most users. Text messages have some great advantages and have changed our culture, but the input method leaves a lot to be desired. And that is what leads to Texting Thumb. Effects Texting Thumb is a repetitive stress injury that affects the thumb and wrist. Pain and sometimes a popping sound are present on the outside of the thumb at or near the wrist. There can also be a decrease in grip strength or range of motion. You see, the opposable thumb is very good at performing opposing actions to the hand and fingers, otherwise known as gripping. The muscles and mechanics of your anatomy support this function. The thumb acts as the lower half of a pair of pliers. It is much better at this than dexterous three-dimensional motions, like typing. That puts a lot of repetitive stress on the thumb joint and the muscles and tendons attached to it. The thumb is sufficient to press a key on your phones keypad without much stress being placed on it. It is mainly the traveling the thumb tip does over the keypad, which is often a couple of square inches. This is a lot of work on a joint that, quite frankly, isnt designed to move that much. Cell phones that have a standard number pad often use a predictive text entry or other methods to make input easier without scrolling through all the available letters for each number. This helps a lot but not enough to counteract how often most people text. Smartphones are even worse. While they do have full keyboards to make input easier, they have larger surfaces for the thumb to travel over and can often involve both thumbs. Whats more, the ease of input actually makes it more likely for you to type in real words instead of the texting shorthand. Inflammation Texting Thumb can be a form of tendonitis, tenosynovitis, or a combination of both of those disorders. In either case, it means something is irritated, inflamed, and swollen. In Texting Thumb, there is an inflammation of the tendons and/or the synovial sheaths that cover the tendons that control the motion of your thumb. It may also be an inflammation in the tenosynovium, a slippery membrane that acts as a sliding surface, in the opening in the wrist that the tendons slide through. Often the swelling from the inflammation in either the tendon or tenosynovitis causes irritation that leads to inflammation in the other after repetitive use. It can be quite painful and reduces your ability to grip. Whichever part of the anatomy is irritated and inflamed, it squeezes the tendons and constricts their ability to slide within the sheath. The inflammation results in swelling and pain that can run from the tip of the thumb all the way down to the wrist and even the upper portion of the forearm. In Texting Thumb, you often feel the pain when you turn or flex your wrist or when you make a fist or grab something. It often occurs in gamers who play daily for long periods. The Technical Explanation Texting Thumb is technically known as De Quervains syndrome. There are many aliases for De Quervains syndrome with one in homage to the one-time mobile data king, Blackberry Thumb.   If you flatten your hand out with the back of your hand downward, then your thumb can move in two ways. It can move up and back down. This moves your thumb out of the plane of your hand and is called palmar abduction. Your thumb can also move left to right, staying within the plane of your hand. This type of movement is called radial abduction. These tendons are housed within synovial sheaths through the wrist passage. Synovial sheaths are kind of like a stiffer, outer tube that can bend but does not kink. The result is that when the wrist is bent or twisted, the tendons can still slide back and forth through the wrist passage without getting snagged. The tendons pass through an opening in the wrist on the thumb side. This opening is covered in a slippery membrane called tenosynovium. Constant friction against this surface by inflamed synovial sheaths can cause inflammation in the tenosynovium as well. Inflammation of a tenosynovium is called tenosynovitis. The tendons involved in De Quervains syndrome are those attached to the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles, or the muscles that move your thumb in radial abduction. The muscles run side by side on the back of your forearm towards your wrist and the tendons run along the thumb, from the tip to your wrist through an opening in your wrist where they then attach to the muscles. In De Quervains syndrome, irritation from repetitive stress causes the inflammation in the tendon or synovial sheath, which leads to swelling and enlarges a portion of the tendon making it difficult for the tendon to pass through the opening in the wrist. Or it causes inflammation in the tenosynovium, which results in the same thing. Often, when one is swollen, it causes the other to become irritated and inflamed as well, thereby compounding the problem. Take Care of Yourself! If left untreated,  Texting Thumb can worsen and the repetitive inflammation and irritation of the tendons synovial sheaths cause them to thicken and degenerate. This can result in permanent damage, leading to a loss of grip strength and/or range of motion as well as constant pain. De Quervains Syndrome can be treated at home  effectively if it has not gotten that severe. If you are a serious texter you should consider trying to prevent De Quervains syndrome to keep your hand healthy.

Terra Amata - Neanderthal Life on the French Riviera

Terra Amata - Neanderthal Life on the French Riviera Terra Amata is an open-air (i.e., not in a cave) Lower Paleolithic period archaeological site, located within the city limits of the modern French Riviera community of Nice, on the western slopes of Mount Boron of southeastern France. Currently at an altitude of 30 meters (about 100 feet) above modern sea-level, while it was occupied Terra Amata was located on the Mediterranean coast, near a river delta in a swampy environment. Key Takeaways: Terra Amata Archaeological Site Name: Terra AmataOccupation Dates: 427,000–364,000Culture: Neanderthals: Acheulean, Middle Paleolithic (Middle Pleistocene)Location: Within the city limits of Nice, FranceInterpreted Purpose: Red deer, wild boar, and elephant bones and tools used to butcher animals obtained by huntingEnvironment at Occupation: Beach, swampy areaExcavated: Henri de Lumley, 1960s Stone Tools Excavator Henry de Lumley identified several distinct Acheulean occupations at Terra Amata, where our hominin ancestor the Neanderthals lived on the beach, during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, somewhere between 427,000 and 364,000 years ago. Stone tools found at the site include a variety of objects made out of beach pebbles, including choppers, chopping-tools, handaxes, and cleavers. There are a few tools made on sharp flakes (debitage), most of which are scraping tools of one sort or another (scrapers, denticulates, notched pieces). A few bifaces formed on pebbles were found in the collections and reported in 2015: French archaeologist Patricia Viallet believes the bifacial form was an accidental result from percussion on semi-hard materials, rather than the deliberate shaping of a bifacial tool. The Levallois core technology, a stone technology used by Neanderthals later in time, is not in evidence at Terra Amata. Animal Bones: What was for Dinner? Over 12,000 animal bones and bone fragments were collected from Terra Amata, about 20% of which have been identified to species. Examples of eight large-bodied mammals were butchered by the people living on the beach: Elephas antiquus (straight-tusked elephant), Cervus elaphus (red deer) and Sus scrofa (pig) were the most abundant, and Bos primigenius (auroch), Ursus arctos (brown bear), Hemitragus bonali (goat) and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (rhinoceros) were present in lesser amounts. These animals are characteristic to MIS 11-8, a temperate period of the Middle Pleistocene, although geologically the site has been determined to fall into MIS-11. Microscopic study of the bones and their cutmarks (known as taphonomy) shows that the residents of Terra Amata were hunting red deer and transporting the entire carcasses to the site and then butchering them there. Deer long bones from Terra Amata were broken for marrow extraction, evidence of which includes depressions from being banged (called percussion cones) and bone flakes. The bones also exhibit a significant number of cut marks and striations: clear evidence that the animals were being butchered. Aurochs and young elephants were also hunted, but only the meatier portions of those carcasses were brought back from where they were killed or found to the beach- archaeologists call this behavior schlepping, from the Yiddish word. Only claws and cranial fragments of pig bones were brought back to camp, which may mean the Neanderthals scavenged the pieces rather than hunted the pigs. Archaeology at Terra Amata Terra Amata was excavated by French archaeologist Henry de Lumley in 1966, who spent six months excavating about 1,300 square feet (120 square meters). De Lumley identified about 30.5 ft (10 m) of deposits, and in addition to the large mammal bone remains, he reported evidence of hearths and huts, indicating the Neanderthals lived for quite some time on the beach. Recent investigations of the assemblages reported by Anne-Marie Moigne and colleagues identified examples of bone retouchers in the Terra Amata assemblage (as well as other Early Pleistocene Neanderthal sites Orgnac 3, Cagny-lEpinette and Cueva del Angel). Retouchers (or batons) are a type of bone tool known to have been used by later Neanderthals (during the Middle Paleolithic period MIS 7–3) to put the finishing touches on a stone tool. Retouchers are tools are not typically as frequently found in European sites in the Lower Paleolithic, but Moigne and colleagues argue that these represent the early stages of the later developed technology of soft-hammer percussion. Sources .de Lumley, Henry. A Paleolithic Camp at Nice. Scientific American 220 (1969): 33–41. Print.Moigne, Anne-Marie, et al. Bone Retouchers from Lower Palaeolithic Sites: Terra Amata, Orgnac 3, Cagny-Lepinette and Cueva del Angel. Quaternary International  (2015). Print.Mourer-Chauvirà ©, Cà ©cile, and Josette Renault-Miskovsky. Le Palà ©oenvironnement des Chasseursde Terra Amata (Nice, Alpes-Maritimes) Au Plà ©istocà ¨ne Moyen. La Flore et aa Faune de Grands Mammifà ¨res. Geobios 13.3 (1980): 279–87. Print.Trevor-Deutsch, B., and V. M. Bryant Jr. Analysis of Suspected Human Coprolites from Terra Amata, Nice, France. Journal of Archaeological Science 5.4 (1978): 387–90. Print.Valensi, Patricia. The Elephants of Terra Amata Open Air Site (Lower Paleolithic, France). The World of Elephants- International Conference. Ed. Cavarretta, G., et al.s.: C.N.R., 2001. Print.Viallet, Cyril. Bifaces Used for Percussion? Experimental Approach to Percussion Marks and Functio nal Analysis of the Bifaces from Terra Amata (Nice, France). Quaternary International  (2015). Print.

Why you like Risk Management Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why you like Risk Management Plans - Essay Example A risk management plan is a document that is created by the project manager to estimate risks, assess the impact of the risks and define solutions to the challenges. Risk management plans also contain a risk assessment matrix that determines the impact of a risk over a specific period (Power, 2008). The procedure of creating a risk management plan starts with understanding how risk management works then the project is defined, stating all the risks and their possible impact. Input from other stakeholders is crucial at this stage. All irrelevant issues are removed then probability of each risk occurring is calculated. The possible losses from the risks are then assigned with an impact number on a scale from 0.00 to 1 with less risky activities having a small value. Next, the total risk is computed then mitigation strategies are developed. After that, the project manager creates contingency plans and analyzes the efficiency of the strategies. Finally, an effective risk is calculated. A risk management plan has several objectives. The plan calculates risks and the probability of the risks resulting in loss. This is important when determining whether to pursue a business project. A risk management plan creates strategies for managing risks or managing the losses from the risk. The plan reduces the possibility of surprises and supports efficient use of organizational resources (Rejda, 2011). Risk management plans contain strategies on how to tackle risks. These strategies include risk avoidance, loss reduction, and risk control, spreading the risk, self-retention, and duplication of resources, accepting risks and transferring risks. Risk avoidance is the most efficient risk management technique. By avoiding a risk, the possibility of loss is eliminated completely. Risk avoidance is the most effective approach but not the most practical one. It is impossible to eliminate all aspects of risk in a project. Some